The International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (ICAANE) is a biennial conference cycle initiated by archaeologists from several European universities. The first ICAANE took place in Rome in 1998. Since then, the congress has been held every two years  at a different European university.

The host of each ICAANE is chosen two years in advance by the ICAANE Scientific Committee.
The congress brings together around 800 to 1000 participants from international institutes and universities. The meeting starts by an opening ceremony followed by several thematic sessions scheduled simultaneously over 5 days. An average of 500 talks is estimated for a meeting. Special side events and activities could take place around the ICAANE. A special session is dedicated for the General Directors of south West-Asian  countries. The meeting ends with a closing ceremony that discusses statements, the speech of the International committee of ICAANE and to announce the future hosting country.

In 2016, a statement was released by the community  regarding the threat to Cultural heritage in the Near East and North Africa during the 10^th ICAANE-Vienna.
Since 2008, the proceedings are published via Harrassowitz Publishing House.